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- 2SHIN, VERSION 1.0
-
- WHY 2SHIN WAS CREATED:
-
- 7-bit communication sometimes is used for transmitting Japanese language
- messages, although 8-bit is now most common. BBSs like the GEnie (tm) Japan
- Roundtable (Catagory 12) contain messages in 7-bit Shin-JIS. However, 8-bit
- Shift-JIS is the standard code type used by MS-DOS computers in Japan. 8-bit
- Shift-JIS is also the text type used by DOS/V, the Japanese DOS version that
- runs on normal IBM-ATs. Most PC-based Japanese word processors can create
- 8-bit Shift-JIS files, although some don't create 7-bit Shin-JIS. So
- software is sometimes needed to convert such WP files into a format that can
- be uploaded to Japanese BBSs that use 7-bit communication. 2SHIN is
- copyrighted (c) software, 1992, by Steven W. Johnston, all rights reserved.
- You are granted a limited license to use 2SHIN, to make copies of 2SHIN, and
- to distribute 2SHIN electronically subject to the following conditions:
-
- (1) 2SHIN may not be distributed in modified form or together with
- any other software. This document file must accompany 2SHIN.
-
- (2) No fee is to be charged for copying or using this software.
-
- 2SHIN was written in C and compiled under Microsoft (tm) C, version 5.1.
- It therefore contains portions of code copyrighted by Microsoft, used here
- per the usual license agreement. 2SHIN will run on any computer using
- MS-DOS, version 2.0 and above.
-
- WHAT 2SHIN DOES:
-
- This program will convert an 8-bit SHIFT-JIS Japanese language message
- into a 7-bit Shin JIS Japanese language message that can be used for 7-bit
- electronic communication. Also since these JIS codes are supersets of normal
- 7-bit ASCII, normal 7-bit ASCII within the message will remain intact in the
- output.
-
- HOW TO USE 2SHIN:
-
- Create the message that you are interested in sending with your Japanese
- WP, and save the file to disk as SHIFT-JIS. Test that the file is indeed
- SHIFT-JIS by viewing it with KanjiView 3.0 under English-mode DOS, or with
- the dos TYPE command under Japanese DOS. Upload your message as binary or
- ASCII. This is may require you to experiment with your communication
- software\host system. I recommend that you use a TTY emulation, rather than
- ANSII or VT100, etc. terminal, since a TTY emulation is most likely to leave
- the ESC untouched. Almost any communication program should support TTY
- emulation. Next, convert the message file that you saved to disk with 2SHIN
- by typing:
-
- 2SHIN <filename 1> <filename 2> (CR)
-
- Here, <filename 1> is the name of the 8-bit format file to be converted
- and <filename 2> is the name of the new 7-bit format Shin-JIS file that will
- be created. These file names may include paths. 2SHIN will convert files of
- any length, provided that there is sufficient disk space for the new Shin-JIS
- file. Shin-JIS files are always somewhat larger than their 8-bit equivalents
- because Shin-JIS uses escape code sequences.
-
- HOW 2SHIN WORKS:
-
- There are several JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) code schemes that are
- in common use in the world of electronic communications. Since the font used
- to display Japanese is so large, 2-byte codes are used to represent the
- Zenkaku characters. All JIS codes are supersets of the standard ASCII
- (Amercian Standard Code for Information Interchange) 7-bit characters. This
- means that strings of ASCII text are often within a JIS electronic message.
- JIS code methods may be classified as either 8-bit or 7-bit. For MS-DOS
- personal computers the only important 8-bit code type is Shift-JIS, sometimes
- called MS-JIS since it is used within MS-DOS PCs. Since much electronic
- communication still uses only 7 data bits, methods have been developed to
- send JIS codes without the 8th bit. These 7-bit codes require Zenkaku-IN and
- Zenkaku-OUT escape codes sequences. These codes sequences indicate whether
- the following bytes are normal 7-bit ASCII or Zenkaku byte pairs. 7-bit
- escape code sequences consist of the ESC character (Hex 1B) followed by
- either one or two special ASCII characters. The most common modern 7-bit
- format is Shin-JIS. 2SHIN converts the Shift-JIS file into that form.
-
- Zenkaku-IN Zenkaku-OUT
-
- " ESC $ B " " ESC ( J "
-
- (FLEFO option) " ~ y " " ~ z "
-
- The FLEFO Zenkaku-IN and Zenkaku-OUT escape code sequences are a special
- option. This is used to create messages for the FLEFO (Foreign Language
- Education Forum in the Compuserve Information Service) from 8-bit Shift-JIS.
- To create messages that contain FLEFO-JIS you must type the switch " /f "
- after <filename 2> on the command line. FLEFO-JIS is a special non-standard
- JIS form that was created to allow Japanese communication within the
- Compuserve message areas where the ESC character is not allowed. The use of
- FLEFO-JIS on Compuserve will probably be temporary since Compuserve is
- expected someday to revise their software to allow non-English communication
- in the message areas and text files, by allowing 8-bit communication.
-
- TECHNICAL VOCABULARY:
-
- 7-bit Character - This is any character less than Hex 80. This document
- is written entirely in such 7-bit ASCII characters.
-
- 8-bit Character - This is any character greater than Hex 7F. On the
- IBM-PC's standard American font, these include the box-drawing characters and
- several foreign-language characters. On Japanese PCs and on the IBM-AT
- running IBM JDOS4.0V, 8-bit characters display as Zenkaku and Katakana
- Hankaku.
-
- ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Only the
- 7-bit characters are standard.
-
- FLEFO-JIS - Unfortunately, Compuserve's software does not allow either
- the ESC character or 8-bit JIS to be used within text files or forum message
- areas. So members of the FLEFO (Foreign Language Education Forum) have
- patched together this non-standard JIS method. Although the escape sequences
- contain no low ASCII control characters, escape sequences were chosen that
- will never occur within 7-bit JIS Suijun 1 or 2. This allows the use of a
- form of 7-bit JIS even on a BBS that strips control characters, such as ESC.
- 2SHIN supports FLEFO-JIS conversion only when you use the /f switch on the
- command line.
-
- Hankaku - These are Japanese and English characters that consist of
- only one byte. On a typical PC display screen, 80 Hankaku characters fit
- across one line. 7-bit ASCII characters are examples of Hankaku characters.
-
- JIS - Japanese Industrial Standard, as listed in the Japanese Industrial
- Standard Handbooks which are available in major Japanese language bookstores.
- Shift-JIS - This is the JIS code scheme used by MS-DOS computers. It is the
- most widely used method for electronically sending Japanese text. Certain
- 8-bit characters are used to indicate a Zenkaku byte pair. Other 8-bit
- characters are used to display Hankaku Katakana.
-
- Shin-JIS - This is the modern JIS 7-bit code. It requires ESC code
- sequences in order to show that the following characters are Zenkaku or
- Hankaku.
-
- Zenkaku - These are JIS characters that consist of two bytes. On a
- typical PC display screen, 40 Zenkaku characters fit across one line. Kanji
- and Hiragana are all displayed as Zenkaku.
-
- (END OF DOCUMENT)
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